Techonology and Decision Making Paper Hcs 482 - 2536 Words

Running head: TECHNOLOGY AND DECISION MAKING Technology and Decision Making University of Phoenix Healthcare Informatics HCS/482 Richard Ong November 15, 2008 Technology and Decision Making Technology, decision-making processes, and data accessibility have changed dramatically in recent years. This paper will discuss systems and informatics theories. The paper will confer on the Data, Information, and Knowledge (DIK) Model. The role of expert system in nursing care and medicine will be provided. Decision aids and decision support systems are used everyday providing focus, leadership and direction within technology and will be examined. The use of technology for patient and client management will be explored. An analysis of the†¦show more content†¦1). Decision making by healthcare professionals is based on the assimilation of data, information and knowledge to support patient care. Organizing data, information and knowledge for the processing by computers is accomplished through the use of information technology and information structures (Newbold, 2008). The first level is data which â€Å"†¦are recorded (captured and stored) symbols and signal reading s† (Liew, 2007, Definitions). Data is bits of information though to just have data is not meaningful to decision making. The second level is information which is organized, interpreted and communicated data between machines or humans. â€Å"Characteristics of quality information are: complete and clear in its descriptions, accurate, measurable, preferably by measurable objective means such as numbers, variable by independent observers, promptly entered, rapidly and easily available when needed, objective, rather than subjective, comprehensive, including all necessary information, appropriate to each user’s needs, clear and unambiguous, reliable, easy and convenient form to interpret, classify, store, retrieve and update† (Theoretical issues, 1998, Concepts). Knowledge is the third level of the model and is the collection of information that is obtained from several sources to produce a concept used to achieve a basis for logical decision-making. The information needs to be

Difference between strategy formulation strategy implementation free essay sample

Strategy played major role to achieve the organizational goal and objectives. Although, strategy implementation is fundamentally different from strategy formulation because of strategy formulation means make the plan while the strategy implementation means apply the plan. Successful strategy formulation doesn’t guarantee for successful strategy implementation because both are different with each other. Differences of strategy formulation and implementation can be described in the following ways:- 1. Strategy formulation is positioning forces before the action. It means in originations whatever we have made plans before starting business. Strategy implementation is managing forces during the action. when organization is ruining then organisation took many contingency decision according there situations. 2. Strategy formulation is primarily an intellectual process like –intuitive and analytical. Strategy implementation is primarily an operational process like – leadership, motivation budgeting. 3. Strategy formulation requires coordination among a few individuals like top management. Strategy implementation requires coordination among many persons like between staff of a company, good communication between top, middle and lower management. We will write a custom essay sample on Difference between strategy formulation strategy implementation or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page For example, each company took a different approach to environmental product strategies. That is showing difference between formulation implementaiton in Table 1. TABLE -1 Oktoberdruck ZDL Alonzo Hickory Papers Increased use of paper with recycled content Majority of paper is recycled paper 100% post-consumer paper as house stock No recycled paper unless requested Inks Vehicles in inks are 80% vegetable oil Uses soy-based ink Always uses soy based ink No vegetable oil ink Each company took a different approach to the use of â€Å"environmentally-friendly† inks and paper. While Alonzo Printing uses 100% post-consumer paper for their house stock, Oktoberdruck and ZDL increasingly offer recycled paper as a house stock and Hickory prints on recycled paper if that is requested by the customer and the customer is willing to pay the extra cost. it was partly because Alonzo (in California) and Oktoberdruck and ZDL (in Germany) had a customer base that was more likely to value recycled paper. Reese at Hickory, does not feel the environmental benefits of using recycled paper as the three other companies do. the biggest environmental impact is the reduction of waste. But the scrap or recycled paper should be limited to products of lesser quality because the production of high quality recycled printing papers causes other environmental problems. There was evidence that national context may have also had an influence on how strategy is implemented. Both German firms had a more focused on goal setting than their American counterparts. In ZDL’s case, the Results of process improvements are compared with other newspaper printing firms. Oktoberdruck primarily benchmarks companies that are EMAS-certified or have environmentally- sound technology. It may be that these differences are elaborate the difference between strategy formulation implementation.